Hair color
Though hair color is not essential for any vital purpose, it plays an extremely crucial part in self-image. Hair is one of the few physical features we can alter and manipulate according to the rules of culture and fashion. Hair color cosmetics are universally utilized to alter the structural characteristics of the hair. The structure and protein components of hair provide the physical properties of hair. Hairs possess a structural organization with a superficial layer of flattened cuticle cells enveloping the elongate, polyhedral cortical cells. Cortical cells envelop an inner optional core of medullary cells.
The cortical layer is what decides much of the hair’s mechanical characteristics. Cosmetic, best hair style, and design cutting of the hair to be successful demands that chemical transformations change the regular structure of the hair shaft. To make a permanent change in the hair, the chemical change of coloring, perming, or straightening has to take place in the cortex. Best bleaching perming, and straightening change the physical properties of hair. The disulfide bonds of the hair shaft are chemically ruptured in hair styling with permanent waves and straightening, and reformed after the desired change is initiated so that the new style is preserved.
A very wide range of cosmetic preparations exists and are used daily by the majority of the world’s population without causing any ill effects. Any chemical treatment, ordinary grooming practices, or exposure to the environment can, however, cause alterations in hair texture or hair texture fragmentation. The alterations are visible microscopically as the weathering of the hair shaft and help to make the hair structurally weaker, more likely to tangle, and coarser in texture.
Hair shaft structure
The hair color is an epidermally derived structure consisting of the hair follicle and the hair shaft. The hair follicle is not involved in cosmetic hair treatments. Cross-section ally, the hair shaft consists of three main components from outermost to innermost€: the cuticle, the cortex, and the medulla. The major components of hair are protein, lipid, water, melanin, and trace elements. The cortex is the principal bulk of a fully keratinized hair shaft and is responsible for most of the color and the mechanical properties of the hair shaft.
The cortex is made up of closely packed spindle-shaped cortical cells packed with best keratin filaments, which are oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hair shaft, and an amorphous matrix of high-Sulphur proteins.
These disulfide bonds are stable when the hair is wet, enabling the hair to regain its original shape. Other weaker bonds associate the keratin polypeptide chains with one another, like Van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonds, and coulombic interactions referred to as salt links. hair cut, kids hair, girls hair, cutting hair, my hair.
Such weaker bonds may be broken by water. The cuticle is made of six to eight layers of compressed, overlapping cells having their free ends pointing towards the tip of the hair shaft. The normal-appearing cuticle has a smooth surface for light reflection with restricted friction among the hair shafts. It is accountable for the luster and texture of hair. The cuticle can be damaged by frictional stresses such as brushing, combing or blow-drying. Cuticular disturbance with alkaline chemicals is the initial process of permanent styling of hair color.
If the cuticle is damaged, there is minimal alteration in the tensile properties of hair, but damage to the cuticle can impair its protective role. In human hair, only the terminal hairs normally exhibit the occurrence of a central medulla. The medulla is continuous, appearing intermittently throughout the hair shaft or not at all.It is composed of cells specialized with air spaces. The primitive insulating function of the medulla is now redundant, and this layer plays no role in the process of hair cosmetics.
The melanin of eumelanin and pheomelanin, and the total amount of melanin, determine the final natural color of the hair. The hair color shaft records the past of the cosmetic behavior of a person. Hair grows at ≈ 1 cm/month, and thus, the end of a hair 24 cm long is 2 years old. Hence, young developing roots differ in character from the hair ends.
The lower section of the hair color shaft, specifically the tip, has been exposed to more than 700 washes, usage of hot styling tools and other cosmetic treatments such as coloring and perming, and might exhibit characteristics of weathering, while the root can be less permeable and possess different chemical properties. Weathering refers to the gradual deterioration from the root to the tip of the hair of the cuticle and subsequently, later, the cortex, owing to normal daily wear and tear.
Hair coloring
Hair color is widely used by women and men to change their natural hair color, to delay the onset of grey or to re-pigment already grey hair. A wide variety of natural and synthetic hair-coloring agents is available. Vegetable and metallic dyes are natural colorants, but these have largely been replaced by synthetic organic dyes. The size of the coloring molecule, the swelling of the hair at the time of application and the basicity of the dye determine whether the dye penetrates the cortex or precipitates on the cuticle.
The most successful dyes are small, basic molecules. best hair salon Hair dyes are classified according to their resistance to washing and the length of time the coloring will remain on the hair permanent, semi-permanent, temporary and gradual. Other natural dyes from walnut or logwood are used in Asian countries to blacken greying hair. Metallic dyes using the salts of silver, lead or bismuth were traditionally used by men, as the color change occurs gradually and use is limited to darkening the white dry hair. However, this type of coloring is unpredictable and a characteristic sulfur smell is produced in the dyeing process.
The metals are thought to interact with cysteine in the cuticle to form metal sulphides10 and the deposits gradually accumulate on the cuticle, producing brittle, dull hair. They cannot be removed without damage to the hair and should be left to grow out.
A large variety of colors of temporary dyes is available. Temporary dyes can be used for special effects, to add color highlights, to remove yellow tones from grey hair and to cover small amounts < 15% of grey hair, dry hair, gray hairs, black hairs, hair color. They last about one week and wash out with one shampoo. They are high-molecular-mass, water-soluble, acidic molecules that do not penetrate the cuticle and instead deposit on the surface of the hair. These formulas are easy to use and carry little risk of contact dermatitis. However, these dyes readily stain the scalp and skin. Rinses are applied immediately after shampooing, and gels, mousses and sprays are applied on towel-dried hair and are left on.
Bleaching
hair color It can be used in combination with permanent dyeing. Bleaching oxidizes the existing melanin in the cortex. Darker hair requires longer bleaching times. Red hair color is more difficult to bleach than brown hair. Hair color bleaches consist of hydrogen peroxide of up to 12% strength. The amount of lightning obtained is related to the amount of oxygen released. Leaching is damaging to the hair, causing weakening and a change in the texture of the hair. The oxidation reaction destroys some of the disulfide bonds within the keratin and can damage the cuticle, making it more porous.
A conditioner can alleviate these changes to some degree. best hair shampoo The resulting color is often flat and difficult to control, and toners dilute solutions of dyes are used to make the color more aesthetically acceptable. After bleaching, consideration should be given that different parts of the hair may be in different chemical states, and the effects of further chemical treatment can be exaggerated, as the cuticle is more porous after treatment with bleach.